Chinese imports are helping grow sanctioned Iranian oil production to its highest levels in nearly two years, the Wall Street Journal reported April 15. The Journal, citing the International Energy Agency, said China has boosted its Iranian oil purchases to 600,000 barrels a day, which is five times higher than in the first nine months of 2020. The report said Chinese buyers appear to have increased their purchases after the U.S. election of President Joe Biden, who vowed a return to the Iranian nuclear deal, an agreement that had suspended certain sanctions against Iran. A U.S. lawmaker last week asked the State Department to provide information on whether China is violating U.S. sanctions on Iran (see 2104140053).
The European Council extended until April 13, 2022, its sanctions on Iran for the nation's serious human rights violations, a press release said. The EC also added eight individuals and three entities to the sanctions list for their roles in the violent response to November 2019 protests in Iran, bringing the totals to 89 individuals and four entities. The sanctions consist of a travel ban and an asset freeze along with a ban on exports to Iran of equipment that can be used for human rights violations and equipment for monitoring telecommunications.
The Office of Foreign Assets Control fined an Italian gas equipment manufacturer $950,000 for violating U.S. sanctions against Iran, OFAC said in a March 26 notice. The company, Nordgas S.r.l., knowingly reexported 27 shipments of U.S.-origin “air pressure switches” to Iran, OFAC said, and caused a U.S. company to “indirectly” export goods to Iran.
Ten Iranian nationals are charged with running a 20-year scheme to evade U.S. sanctions on Iran by disguising more than $300 million worth of transactions, the Department of Justice said in a March 19 news release. The Iranian citizens allegedly made the purchases, including two $25 million oil tankers, on Iran's behalf via front companies in Los Angeles, Canada, Hong Kong and the United Arab Emirates, DOJ said. The U.S. District Court of Los Angeles case, filed in October 2020, was unsealed on March 19. A separate forfeiture complaint was filed the same day on the same individuals, seeking a money laundering penalty of $157,332,367. The individuals are accused of violating the Iranian Transactions and Sanctions Regulations, Iranian Financial Sanctions Regulations and the International Emergency Economic Powers Act. They face a maximum of 20 years in federal prison if convicted, although they are believed to be located outside the U.S.
Iran’s Foreign Affairs Ministry said Feb. 28 it doesn’t yet want to meet with European countries and the U.S. about the Iran nuclear deal, and called on the U.S. to lift sanctions before any meeting will take place. Iran said it “is not a good time for holding an unofficial meeting on the accord” because “there has been no change in the United States’ stances and behavior.” Iran also said the Biden administration has “not only failed to abandon [former President Donald] Trump’s failed policy of maximum pressure, but has also failed to declare its commitment” to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. Once the U.S. lifts its sanctions, Iran said, it will return to the deal. The U.S. previously said it doesn’t plan to lift sanctions on Iran until the two sides meet (see 2102220049).
In a case against an Iranian banker accused of violating U.S. sanctions on Iran, Judge Alison Nathan for the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York lambasted federal prosecutors over their mishandling of evidence and dereliction of responsibility. Stopping short of finding them guilty of knowingly withholding crucial information or intentionally misrepresenting facts to the court, Nathan in a Feb. 22 ruling called for a full investigation of the prosecutors' actions by the Department of Justice's Office of Professional Responsibility and said she hopes the government's reforms on evidence handling training will ensure that similar action is not repeated.
The Biden administration has a range of pressing trade- and sanctions-related issues to address in the Middle East, including charting a path to restoring the Iranian nuclear deal, ensuring sanctions are not hindering humanitarian aid and recruiting Middle East allies to counter Chinese technology competition, experts said.
The European Union won’t hesitate to push back on U.S. extraterritorial sanctions but wants to work more closely with the Biden administration on sanctions programs to ease compliance burdens for EU companies, a top EU official said. “There is no better way to protect against extraterritorial sanctions than to align sanctions implementation with partners like the United States,” said Mairead McGuinness, an EU commissioner overseeing financial markets.
The U.S.’s decision to rejoin the Iran nuclear deal and rescind Iranian sanctions would be complex and time-consuming, likely taking months of bureaucratic work and negotiations, sanctions and Iran experts said. The new President Joe Biden administration has a range of Iranian-related sanctions issues to tackle before rejoining the agreement, the experts said, such as which Iranian entities and officials to de-list, whether to endorse Europe’s INSTEX and how to address humanitarian exports to Iran.
The U.S. and its allies should come to an international agreement on reviewing incoming and outgoing Chinese investment to make sure those deals are not enabling human rights abuses or funding Chinese military and technological advances, said H.R. McMaster, President Donald Trump’s former national security adviser. The Joe Biden administration will have a chance to secure such an agreement if it pursues more multilateral cooperation with allies, McMaster said.